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                <p>大家好，我是人见人爱，花见花开的开源小妹。今天我来给大家分享一个超好用的分布式任务调度平台：XXL-JOB。</p>
<h2 id="一、背景"><a href="#一、背景" class="headerlink" title="一、背景"></a>一、背景</h2><p>事情的起因是这样滴：最近公司项目需要改革，找出之前项目的痛点，然后对症下药。本来我以为没有本小妹什么事呢，结果。。。不说了，直接上图。<br><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A91.png"><br><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A92.png"><br>你们也看到了，这篇文章是怎么来的啦，哈哈。<br><img src="https://img.soogif.com/wykyQaSFfHdsiMRUZirAaBnpJbsnSla1.JPEG?scope=mdnice"></p>
<h2 id="二、和Quartz的对比"><a href="#二、和Quartz的对比" class="headerlink" title="二、和Quartz的对比"></a>二、和Quartz的对比</h2><p>既然我们公司之前用的是Quartz，但是现在要换了它，那么我们就来看看Quartz哪里不好，同时也看看XXL-JOB好在哪里。</p>
<h3 id="Quartz的不足"><a href="#Quartz的不足" class="headerlink" title="Quartz的不足"></a>Quartz的不足</h3><ul>
<li>问题一：调用API的的方式操作任务，不人性化；</li>
<li>问题二：需要持久化业务QuartzJobBean到底层数据表中，系统侵入性相当严重；</li>
<li>问题三：调度逻辑和QuartzJobBean耦合在同一个项目中，这将导致一个问题，在调度任务数量逐渐增多，同时调度任务逻辑逐渐加重的情况加，此时调度系统的性能将大大受限于业务；</li>
<li>问题四：quartz底层以“抢占式”获取DB锁并由抢占成功节点负责运行任务，会导致节点负载悬殊非常大；而XXL-JOB通过执行器实现“协同分配式”运行任务，充分发挥集群优势，负载各节点均衡。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="XXL-JOB的特性"><a href="#XXL-JOB的特性" class="headerlink" title="XXL-JOB的特性"></a>XXL-JOB的特性</h3><ul>
<li><p>简单：支持通过Web页面对任务进行CRUD操作，操作简单，一分钟上手</p>
</li>
<li><p>动态：支持动态修改任务状态、启动/停止任务，以及终止运行中任务，即时生效</p>
</li>
<li><p>调度中心HA（中心式）：调度采用中心式设计，“调度中心”基于集群Quartz实现并支持集群部署，可保证调度中心HA<br>执行器HA（分布式）：任务分布式执行，任务”执行器”支持集群部署，可保证任务执行HA</p>
</li>
<li><p>注册中心: 执行器会周期性自动注册任务, 调度中心将会自动发现注册的任务并触发执行。同时，也支持手动录入执行器地址</p>
</li>
<li><p>弹性扩容缩容：一旦有新执行器机器上线或者下线，下次调度时将会重新分配任务</p>
</li>
<li><p>路由策略：执行器集群部署时提供丰富的路由策略，包括：第一个、最后一个、轮询、随机、一致性HASH、最不经常使用、最近最久未使用、故障转移、忙碌转移等</p>
</li>
<li><p>故障转移：任务路由策略选择”故障转移”情况下，如果执行器集群中某一台机器故障，将会自动Failover切换到一台正常的执行器发送调度请求。</p>
</li>
<li><p>阻塞处理策略：调度过于密集执行器来不及处理时的处理策略，策略包括：单机串行（默认）、丢弃后续调度、覆盖之前调度</p>
</li>
<li><p>任务超时控制：支持自定义任务超时时间，任务运行超时将会主动中断任务</p>
</li>
<li><p>任务失败重试：支持自定义任务失败重试次数，当任务失败时将会按照预设的失败重试次数主动进行重试；其中分片任务支持分片粒度的失败重试</p>
</li>
<li><p>任务失败告警；默认提供邮件方式失败告警，同时预留扩展接口，可方便的扩展短信、钉钉等告警方式</p>
</li>
<li><p>分片广播任务：执行器集群部署时，任务路由策略选择”分片广播”情况下，一次任务调度将会广播触发集群中所有执行器执行一次任务，可根据分片参数开发分片任务</p>
<p>…</br><br>XXL-JOB的优点有点太多了呢，哈哈，我是不是有点喜新厌旧了呢。<br><img src="https://img.soogif.com/YqJpHIu4ZY8noL1SLsiZL856Ko82zMDb.gif?scope=mdnice"></p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="三、快速入门"><a href="#三、快速入门" class="headerlink" title="三、快速入门"></a>三、快速入门</h2><p>看到这么多优点，你们是不是也优点迫不及待了呢？不要急，不要慌，待本小妹慢慢带你们入门。</p>
<ol>
<li><p>下载项目，源代码地址为：略略略，容本小妹卖个关子，一会告诉你们源码地址，下载完成之后直接使用maven进行编译即可；</p>
</li>
<li><p>源代码结构如下：</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210929163310542.png"><br>快夸我贴心，源码都是干嘛的我都给标出来了。<br><img src="https://img.soogif.com/cOs793miwhMdEwtxwiMNrRcQ1OuTfS22.gif?scope=mdnice"></p>
</li>
<li><p>初始化数据库，直接执行自带的数据库脚本即可，就不用本小妹多说啦</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210929163416893.png"></p>
</li>
<li><p>部署任务调度中心项目xxl-job-admin</p>
<p>该项目的作用是：统一管理任务调度平台上调度任务，负责触发调度执行，并且提供任务管理平台。</p>
<p><strong>修改配置文件：</strong> <strong>xxl-job-admin/src/main/resources/application.properties</strong>，一般修改下数据库连接地址即可。</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210929164036401.png"></p>
<p><strong>部署启动项目</strong>：以上配置正确，直接编译启动项目即可</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210929164224850.png"></p>
<p>项目访问地址为：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost:9080/xxl-job-admin">http://localhost:9080/xxl-job-admin</a> （由于我这里8080端口被占用了，因此我换成了8090端口，嘻嘻）</p>
<p><strong>登录系统：</strong> 用户名密码为：admin/123456</p>
<p><strong>首页图如下</strong>：</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210928172116765.png"></p>
<p>至此，“任务调度中心管理系统”已部署成功。还不要高兴的太早哦，这刚刚完成了一半。<br><img src="https://img.soogif.com/bTl5tb7rOVq7vpyns5NsQgoy2BO6l96X.gif?scope=mdnice"></p>
</li>
</ol>
<ol start="5">
<li><p>部署执行器项目</p>
<p>可以使用作者提供的实例项目：</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210929164932016.png"></p>
<p>也可以集成到现有的项目中。这里我要集成到自己已有的服务中。（又得夸我一波了）<br><img src="https://img.soogif.com/j3QkRfYlI1zJ8M3IRE5e0GidA6vYnR5i.gif?scope=mdnice"></p>
</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>步骤一：引入依赖</strong></p>
<pre><code>&lt;dependency&gt;
  &lt;groupId&gt;com.xuxueli&lt;/groupId&gt;
  &lt;artifactId&gt;xxl-job-core&lt;/artifactId&gt;
  &lt;version&gt;2.3.0&lt;/version&gt;
&lt;/dependency&gt;
</code></pre>
<p><strong>步骤二：添加执行器的配置信息</strong></p>
<p>可以copy【xxl-job-executor-sample-springboot】项目中的配置文件，放到自己项目下，做一些相应的修改</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210929170351523.png"></p>
<p><strong>步骤三：执行器组件配置</strong></p>
<p>可以copy示例代码中的配置文件到自己项目中，配置位置为：</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210929171305191.png"></p>
<p><strong>步骤四：执行执行器项目</strong></p>
<p>上述配置完成之后，可以直接执行项目的主启动类，以启动执行器。</p>
<ol start="6">
<li><p>开发定时任务</p>
<p><strong>步骤一：代码的编写</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210929171519016.png"></p>
<p><strong>步骤二：在任务调度中心添加任务</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210929171855656.png"></p>
<p>保存后效果如下：</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210929171953171.png"></p>
</li>
<li><p>启动“调度中心”和“定时器”执行任务</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210929172217391.png"></p>
<p>至此，XXL-JOB的快速入门已经完成。<br><img src="https://img.soogif.com/H2sjgGLYG1YhzlM88taFw4ggmwUgwW0Y.gif?scope=mdnice"></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="四、效果图展示"><a href="#四、效果图展示" class="headerlink" title="四、效果图展示"></a>四、效果图展示</h2><p>我还贴心的为大家准备了系统的截图哦~~</p>
<h3 id="1-运行报表（首页）"><a href="#1-运行报表（首页）" class="headerlink" title="1.运行报表（首页）"></a>1.运行报表（首页）</h3><p>在首页可以查看任务的总体情况，包括任务个数，总调度次数等等。</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210928172116765.png"></p>
<h3 id="2-任务管理"><a href="#2-任务管理" class="headerlink" title="2.任务管理"></a>2.任务管理</h3><p>对所有定时任务进行一个统一管理，定时任务是依赖于执行器的，一个执行器包含多个定时任务</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210928172157750.png"></p>
<h3 id="3-调度日志"><a href="#3-调度日志" class="headerlink" title="3.调度日志"></a>3.调度日志</h3><p>查看定时任务的执行情况，包含成功失败等情况，失败的可以查看失败原因</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210929174239212.png"></p>
<h3 id="4-执行器管理"><a href="#4-执行器管理" class="headerlink" title="4.执行器管理"></a>4.执行器管理</h3><p>管理执行器，可以类比微服务中，服务注册中心对于注册到该中心的微服务的管理</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210928172432048.png"></p>
<h3 id="5-用户管理"><a href="#5-用户管理" class="headerlink" title="5.用户管理"></a>5.用户管理</h3><p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210928172446395.png"></p>
<h2 id="五、系统架构"><a href="#五、系统架构" class="headerlink" title="五、系统架构"></a>五、系统架构</h2><p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210928172551048.png"></p>
<ul>
<li>该系统主要分为调度中心和执行器两部分，主要采用了微服务中的服务注册管理的思想</li>
<li>执行器包含了任务线程，任务信息等</li>
<li>调度中心则主要是对所有任务的统一调度管理，类似服务注册中心对于微服务的管理</li>
</ul>
<p>该系统和微服务中的服务注册中心的思想非常类似，<strong>几个关键组件的关系</strong>如下图所示：</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/dmg0020/draw-bed/raw/master/imgs/image-20210928173424813.png"></p>
<h2 id="六、总结"><a href="#六、总结" class="headerlink" title="六、总结"></a>六、总结</h2><p>目前已有多家公司接入xxl-job，包括比较知名的大众点评，京东，优信二手车，北京尚德，360金融 (360)，联想集团 (联想)，易信 (网易)等等….</p>
<p>而我们公司在最近也接入了该项目，确实解决了之前定时任务使用的一些痛点，而且效果也很乐观，所以如果你也在寻找分布式任务调度系统的话，这个框架可以是一个不错的选择，感兴趣的同学可以去了解下。</p>
<p>关注公众号【开源小分队】，后台回复「xxl」即可获得开源项目的相关信息哦~</p>
<p>问君能有几多愁，开源项目解千愁，我们下期再见！</p>

                
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